Miniaturized Reconfigurable 28 GHz PCM-Based 4-bit Latching Variable Attenuator for 5G mmWave Applications
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports a novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) reconfigurable phase change material (PCM) germanium telluride (GeTe) based 4-bit latching variable attenuator. The proposed variable attenuator is designed using PCM single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches monolithically integrated with four passive bridged-T resistor network based fixed attenuators to provide wide attenuation range. The PCM switching units are latching type thus consume no static dc power. The integrated planar resistors are fabricated precisely on-wafer to get wide-band operation at desired 8 GHz frequency band. The device is fabricated in-house using a seven-layer microfabrication process. The proposed device is highly miniaturized with device area of 0.52 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At the centre frequency of 28 GHz, the measured attenuation level varies from 4.7 dB to 37 dB with 16 discrete steps. The attenuator can be reconfigured at a tuning speed of less than 1µs,
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it