Miniaturized Reconfigurable 28 GHz PCM-Based 4-bit Latching Variable Attenuator for 5G mmWave Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports a novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) reconfigurable phase change material (PCM) germanium telluride (GeTe) based 4-bit latching variable attenuator. The proposed variable attenuator is designed using PCM single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches monolithically integrated with four passive bridged-T resistor network based fixed attenuators to provide wide attenuation range. The PCM switching units are latching type thus consume no static dc power. The integrated planar resistors are fabricated precisely on-wafer to get wide-band operation at desired 8 GHz frequency band. The device is fabricated in-house using a seven-layer microfabrication process. The proposed device is highly miniaturized with device area of 0.52 mm2. At the centre frequency of 28 GHz, the measured attenuation level varies from 4.7 dB to 37 dB with 16 discrete steps. The attenuator can be reconfigured at a tuning speed of less than 1µs,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".