“Without Tits There Is No Paradise”: Medical Tourism and Cosmetic Surgery in Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract

 
 
 Globalization has allowed for the international flow of information, goods, services and, oddly enough, medical patients. Medical tourism is a growing globalized industry, where the ability to pay and willingness to travel have become prerequisites for medical care. The case study of cosmetic surgery in Colombia reveals that the advertising and information provided online compliments the literature’s descriptions of what is desirable and sought out by medical tourists. Johnston et al. (2012) established that the medical tourist’s interest in the characteristics of the country they visit is minor. However, the underlying national stereotypes or aesthetics may have an unconscious effect of association on the decision of medical tourists. For the medical tourism industry, the national stereotypes and aesthetics are a marketing opportunity to distinguish themselves from their international competitors beyond the comparable affordability of their services. Cosmetic surgery in Colombia indicates that, although medical tourism is a massively globalized industry, the roots and ongoing success of specializations in countries may have cultural origins that are not purely the product of foreign market demands.
 
 
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".