Infection prevalence and pathology of the cymothoid parasite <i>Olencira praegustator</i> in Atlantic menhaden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Isopod parasites in the family Cymothoidae can cause reduced growth, castration, or even mortality in their hosts. Olencira praegustator is a cymothoid that parasitizes the mouth and gill chamber of Brevoortia tyrannus (Atlantic menhaden), which is the basis for the largest fishery along the eastern coast of the USA and an important link within estuarine food webs. To better characterize interactions between O. praegustator and B. tyrannus, including parasite‐induced pathology, we sampled hosts and parasites from three estuarine sites on Kiawah Island, South Carolina. Over 5 weeks, we collected, measured, and weighed 169 juvenile menhaden; remarkably, 96% of these fish were infected with O. praegustator, typically with one isopod found in the mouth of each host. Based on the external morphologies of 163 examined isopods, 58 were female (35.6%), 9 of which were gravid, and 105 were male (64.4%). Although fish size was unrelated to isopod length or mass, isopod length was a direct predictor of the amount of damage observed on the host operculum, which in severe cases involved tissue atrophy and hemorrhage. Considering the high infection prevalence, significant damage associated with infections, as well as the impairing effects of other cymothoids on their hosts, the consequences of interactions between B. tyrannus and O. praegustator warrant additional investigation for understanding the management and ecology of Atlantic menhaden.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".