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Record W3093939401 · doi:10.1116/6.0000476

Electromigration simulation and design considerations for integrated circuit power grids

2020· article· en· W3093939401 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Nanotechnology and Microelectronics Materials Processing Measurement and Phenomena · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMaterials Science
TopicCopper Interconnects and Reliability
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaSemiconductor Research Corporation
KeywordsElectromigrationReliability (semiconductor)ScalingReliability engineeringComputer scienceElectronic engineeringPower (physics)VoltageGridElectronic circuitIntegrated circuitElectrical engineeringMaterials scienceEngineering physicsEngineeringPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Due to continued technology scaling, electromigration has become a serious reliability concern in modern integrated circuits. This is further aggravated by the pervasive use of inaccurate models for electromigration based on traditional empirical black-box models. We will review the modern approach to electromigration verification, with emphasis on recent physical models, then summarize our work on a finite-difference based approach for power grid electromigration checking using these models. The method simulates the electromigration damage across the power grid, much like simulating for voltage or current. The lifetimes found using this physics-based approach are on average about twice or more than those based on the traditional empirical approaches. Because this approach is computationally efficient, one is able to handle large grids with millions of branches. We then present detailed analysis of the steady-state stress and its relation to voltages and currents in the grid, along with a number of design considerations that follow from this analysis.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.075
Threshold uncertainty score0.690

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.220 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it