<scp><i>BoLA‐DRB3</i></scp> genetic diversity in Highland Creole cattle from Bolivia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The genetic diversity of the BoLA‐DRB3 gene has been reported in different cattle breeds owing to its central role in the immune response. However, it is still unknown in hundreds of cattle breeds, especially native populations. Here, we studied BoLA‐DRB3 genetic diversity in Highland Creole cattle (CrAl) from Western Bolivia, raised at altitudes between 3800 and 4200 m. DNAs from 48 CrAl cattle were genotyped for BoLA‐DRB3 exon 2 alleles using polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT). The results were compared with 1341 previously reported data from Tropical Creole cattle and other breeds raised in the region. Twenty‐three BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were identified in CrAl, including the BoLA‐DRB3*029:02 variant previously detected in other Creole cattle. Observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.87 and 0.93, respectively. Nucleotide diversity and the number of pairwise difference values were 0.078 and 19.46, respectively. The average number of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions were 0.037 and 0.097 for the entire BoLA‐DRB3 exon 2, and 0.129 and 0.388 for the antigen‐binding site, respectively. Venn analysis and the review of the IPD‐MHC database and the literature showed that 2 of 64 alleles were only detected in CrAl, including BoLA‐DRB3*029:01 previously reported in African cattle and *048:01 detected in Philippine cattle. Two additional alleles, BoLA‐DRB3*007:02 and *029:02 , were only present in CrAl and Lowland Creole cattle. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that Bolivian Creole cattle breeds were closely located but they were distant from the Colombian Hartón del Valle Creole. F ST analysis showed a low degree of genetic differentiation between Highland and Lowland Bolivian Creole cattle (F ST = 0.015). The present results contribute to increasing our knowledge of BoLA‐DRB3 genetic diversity in cattle breeds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".