Anisotropic, meandering domain microstructure in the improper ferroelectric CsNbW2O9
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The improper ferroelectric CsNbW2O9 has recently been highlighted as the first material outside the manganite family to exhibit a similar meandering, sixfold domain structure to that responsible for enhanced and diminished conduction at charged domain walls in the rare earth manganites. While there is no current evidence for variation in domain wall conduction relative to bulk in CsNbW2O9, the similarities in microstructure strongly suggest that charged domain walls are present in this material. Herein, we report a comprehensive study of the domain microstructure of CsNbW2O9 by both piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal that there are, in fact, clear distinctions in the domain structure of the two systems. Constraints arising from the crystal structure of CsNbW2O9, namely, the connectivity of the BO6 polyhedra and atomic displacements occurring purely along the c axis, mean that domain walls preferentially run parallel to the c direction (the polar axis of the material) and thus remain uncharged. The characteristic cloverleaf domain structure reminiscent of the manganites is still present; however, the structure meanders predominantly in the ab plane and, therefore, appears differently depending on the projection direction from which it is viewed. As a result of this microstructural constraint, charged domain walls are not prevalent in this material.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it