Vortex Beam Generation and Mode Conversion using Spiral-phase Transmitarrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a concept to generate vortex beams and their inter-mode conversion into each other using transmit arrays (TAs) consisting of circularly polarized elements. The novel circularly polarized unit-cell operates between 22.5-23.5 GHz of the ka-band. The novel presented unit cell has a compact profile and composed of three identical metallic sections which are placed on top and between a double-layer dielectric substrate. The designed TAs are composed of 12 × 12 elements, in which each unit-cell is rotated individually in order to generate the related phase distribution of the desired vortex mode. Through rotation of the unit-cells a full 360-degree spiral phase progression on the TA can be obtained. Using several TAs with different phase distributions, the mode of the resultant propagating vortex wave can be changed in space. The simulated results for vortex beams of modes 1, 2, and 3 show desirable inter-mode conversion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".