Argon-ion beam induced mutants of the ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete <i>Tricholoma matsutake</i> defective in β-1,4-endoglucanase activity promote the seedling growth of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal agaricomycete that produces the prized matsutake mushroom in conifer forests. Here, we isolated mutants generated by the argon-ion beam irradiation of T. matsutake NBRC 33136, designated as Ar 5002 and Ar 5012, which are defective in β-1,4-endoglucanase activity, that promoted the above- and below-ground growth of the symbiotic partner Pinus densiflora in vitro, compared with the control. Pine seedlings associated with Ar 5002, compared with NBRC 33136, had significantly higher above-ground dry mass and significantly greater plant growth, while those associated with Ar 5012 had significantly higher above- and below-ground dry mass. There were no significant differences between the numbers of mycorrhizal root-tips synthesized by the wild-type and mutants, indicating that β-1,4-endoglucanase did not influence the mycorrhization of T. matsutake. In seedlings inoculated with Ar 5002- and Ar 5012, the Hartig nets resembled those of seedlings inoculated with NBRC 33136. The data suggest that T. matsutake lacking β-1,4-endoglucanase activity confer beneficial effects on the growth of P. densiflora. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the symbiotic relationship could be strengthened by such a mutated fungal trait.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".