Usina do Ituparanga e a Brazilian Traction Tramway, Light and Power Co.: monopólio e expansão do capitalismo financeiro no final do século 19
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study proposes to analyze the history of So Paulo Electric Co. and its original collection that remained relatively untouched, kept inside Itupararanga plant. This company was created by So Paulo Light and Power in Canada in 1911 to explore the generation and distribution of electricity in Sorocaba, as well as supply to So Paulo. It built and managed the Itupararanga plant in that municipality and was subordinated to the holding company Brazilian Traction, Light and Power created in 1912 to manage the companies So Paulo Light and Power and Rio de Janeiro Light and Power, as well as So Paulo Electric Co. As a subsidiary of the Canadian group, the Itupararanga's capacity was instrumental in consolidating the Canadian company in Brazil as a public services monopoly holder in several cities, as well as the emergence of Brazilian Traction as a transnational holding company. Thus, the history of So Paulo Electric Co. is outlined as a foreign company operating in the Brazilian market of the first half of the 20th century, inserted in the movement of expansion of financial capitalism of the late 19th century, an object on which we inevitably also address.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".