Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thirteenth chapter continues the reader’s global journey into the study of world music. The chapter opens with a map of North America that highlights the areas where the text focuses its review. The text then prepares the reader with a brief tour of the sights, sounds, and significant historical events associated with the region before visiting specific locales and their musical and cultural activities. In this chapter, these sites include: Canada, introducing Cape Breton fiddling; and the United States, featuring the Singing School Shape-Note tradition - a common choral performance found in Appalachian churches; Bluegrass, a virtuosic ensemble style that features folk instruments, such as the banjo and mandolin; African-American Gospel Choir, a mainstay of African-American musical identity; Country Blues, a music fundamental to popular music styles emanating from the United States, highlighting Robert Johnson’s performance of “Sweet Home Chicago”; “Nuyorican” Salsa, inspired by the Cuban son tradition discussed in an earlier chapter; and, Native American Powwow, originally associated with Plains Indian communal performance and now characteristic of inter-tribal gatherings. The chapter concludes with Questions to Consider intended to stimulate reflection on the chapter contents, as well as further investigation of related themes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.053 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".