Affordable Housing in the Wake of Global Pandemics: A Reality or a Mirage the Kenyan Perspective?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: This was an investigative study on affordable housing in the wake of global pandemics: A reality or a mirage the Kenyan perspective? 22 % of Kenyans stay in towns and the inhabitants in these cities continue to grow at the rate of 4.2 % annually. This growth rate has outstripped the supply of housing units built. For instance, Nairobi needs a minimum of 120,000 new houses per annually to satisfy the demand but a paltry 35,000 units are constructed annually. The excess demand is likely to continue pushing the housing prices beyond the reach of many Kenyans. Studies conducted in Kenya on housing prices focused on non-macroeconomic determinants and more importantly none of the studies globally envisaged how global pandemics can influence housing prices. Therefore, the influence of global pandemics like Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and macroeconomic factors on housing prices in Kenya remains unknown.
 Study Design: Correlational research design.
 Methodology: The study employed unrestricted Vector Autoregressive analysis involving quarterly time series from quarter 1 of 2014 to quarter 1 of 2020 with a dummy variable measuring the influence of COVID-19.
 Results: Results indicated that the total money supply had a positive influence on inflation that was highly influenced by extended broad money.
 Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that some macroeconomic factors, time trends and global pandemics like COVID-19 influence housing prices in Kenya. Professional, administrative and support services, time trend, transport and storage, information and communication, real estate and housing prices at lag 1 increased housing prices in Kenya by 0.41%, 0.41%, 0.94%, 0.37% and 0.59% respectively given unrestricted VAR coefficients and t-statistics of 0.41(4.184), 1.27 (9.862), 0.19 (2.740), 0.94 (10.178) and 0.59 (6.055) for the variables. Housing prices at lag 1 and 4, COVID-19, other services and tax on products reduced housing prices in Kenya by 0.26%, 0.99%, 3.29%, 1.01% and 0.05% respectively given unrestricted VAR coefficients and t-statistics of -0.26(-2.366), -0.99 (-8.770), -3.29 (-4.550), -1.01 (-6.568) and -0.05 (-2.807) for the variables respectively. Economic growth, financial and insurance activities and previous housing prices at lag 5 had no influence on housing prices in Kenya.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".