Argon–Oxygen Decarburization of High‐Manganese Steels: Effect of Alloy Composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of simultaneous decarburization and demanganization of Fe–Mn–C alloys with 5–25% Mn and 0.05–0.42%C are investigated by bubbling a mixture of Ar–O2 through the melt at 1823 K. There are three distinct stages during the process. In stage 1, the rate of decarburization is slow, it is faster in stage 2, and slows to an intermediate rate during stage 3. In stage 1, manganese concentration decreases at a constant rate. In stage 2, manganese concentration remains essentially constant or exhibits minor reversion in some cases. In stage 3, manganese concentration decreases again. The overall rate of manganese loss in stage 1 increases with decreasing initial carbon concentration of the alloy, whereas in stage 3, the rate of manganese loss is independent of carbon concentration. The rate of overall manganese loss is partly controlled by the transport of manganese in the liquid phase. Assuming the products of reaction are CO and MnO, the combination of loss as vapor and oxide is insufficient to justify the total Manganese loss. The mechanism for the extra manganese loss is proposed to be due to evaporation–condensation of manganese in the bubble, is supported both thermodynamically and kinetically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".