An authority among authorities: knowledge and use of Augustine in the wider Carolingian world
Bibliographic record
Abstract
What knowledge of Augustine might a Carolingian subject outside the ecclesiastical elite have possessed? If the all‐pervasive influence of Augustine is one of the hallmarks of the Carolingian era, how far into the Carolingian world did that influence (and conscious knowledge of it as ‘Augustinian’) actually extend? Toward preliminary answers to these questions, this study will consider the presence and various uses of Augustine in textual media that may have reached beyond elite, court‐connected circles, arguing that from such texts Augustine would indeed have been known to ordinary Carolingian Christians, although mainly as one key source of traditional authority operating in fundamental harmony with other such authorities, rather than as a singular figure within the imagination of the Latin Christian west. This ubiquitous emphasis on ostensible agreement among the great authorities of the Christian past should be understood as intimately connected to the Carolingians’ efforts at effecting concord and unity in the broader social sphere of the present.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".