A 3 m.y. record of volcanism and glaciation in northern British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Tuya-Kawdy region of northern British Columbia is well established as a place where glaciation and volcanism overlapped in space. However, no modern work has integrated observations from the region’s volcanic and glacial deposits with geochronologic constraints to summarize how they might overlap in time. Here, we provide a general overview of such characteristics and 23 new 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages of glaciovolcanic deposits ranging from 4.3 Ma to 63 ka to constrain the timing, location, and minimum thicknesses and distributions of coincident ice. Subaerial lava fields interspersed with glaciovolcanism record periods of ice-sheet absence in presumably warmer climate conditions. These generally coincide with interglacial marine isotope stages. Many of the volcanoes have a secondary record of posteruption glacial modification, cirques, erratics, and mega-lineations, which document later climate changes up to the present. We used edifice-based terrain analysis to reconstruct changes to local minimum Cordilleran ice-sheet thicknesses, extents, and flow directions at specific locations and times during the late Pliocene and the Pleistocene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".