Small strain shear modulus and damping ratio of two unsaturated lateritic sandy clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, resonant column tests carried out to investigate the influence of suction on the shear modulus and damping ratio of two compacted lateritic sandy clays from Ghana (GL) and Nigeria (NL) are reported. Each type of soil was tested under two confining pressures and at three suctions. The microstructure of the soils was also studied through a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the effects of suction on maximum shear modulus (G 0 ) are about 10% larger for GL than NL, mainly due to the existence of smaller aggregates in GL. Moreover, an increase in suction from 0 to 300 kPa for both soils resulted in a lower elastic threshold shear strain, different from the behaviour of other soils reported in the literature. The uniqueness of lateritic soils is likely attributable to their high sesquioxide content and much larger aggregates, which shrink upon an increase in suction. Drying of specimens from 0 to 300 kPa resulted in an increase of about 22% and 100% in initial damping ratio (D 0 ) for GL and NL, respectively. The difference in D 0 for GL and NL is attributed to larger aggregation of NL because of its higher iron sesquioxide content, leading to more cladding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".