Wear Behavior of Ni-TiO2 Nano-Composite Coating on AISI 1022 CS by Pulse Electrodeposition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ni-TiO2 nano-coatings were prepared on the AISI 1022 carbon steel (CS) surface using the pulse electrodeposition method. The surface structure of CS was considerably reformed owing to the titanium particles presence. The electroplating is widely used as a protection of the material surface to expand the life of vehicle components. The parameters of pulse frequency (PF - Hz), current density (CD - A/cm2) and duty cycle (DC - %) are combined into the RSM three factors and three level arrays to find the effect of the wear rate coating parameters. The Ni-TiO2 nano-particles deposited surface structure and wear of the surface were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and wear test was conducted by pin on disc wear tester. The experimental result revealed a lower specimen wear rate of the parameter is the frequency: 20 Hz, current density: 0.2 A/cm2 and duty cycle: 30 %. The ANOVA result revealed the pulse frequency and current density quadratic term are the most essential factor contributing 28.48, 29.95 % impact on wear resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".