Activation of protease‐activated receptor 2 is associated with blood pressure regulation and proteinuria reduction in metabolic syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with MetS, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-mediated vasorelaxation is preserved in the aorta at 20 weeks of age (weeks) via enhancement of nitric oxide production but impaired at 30 weeks by oxidative stress. However, impairment of PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation of renal arteries and its possible implications for kidney disease are unclear. We used organ baths to assess PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation of isolated renal arteries, colorimetric methods to measure urinary protein levels as an index of renal function, and western blot to determine expression of PAR2 and nephrin proteins in the kidneys of SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks. We assessed renal arteries and kidney function for effects of orally administered GB88, a pathway-dependent PAR2 antagonist, from 10 to 18 weeks, and azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, from 13 to 23 weeks. PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation was slightly lower at 20 weeks and attenuated significantly at 30 weeks compared with those at 10 weeks. Urinary protein levels were increased at 20 and 30 weeks. Decreased protein expression of PAR2 and nephrin in the kidney were observed at 30 weeks. Administration of GB88 increased blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria. Azilsartan reduced the high BP and the impaired PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation, but did not restore the increase in urinary protein levels and decreased PAR2 and nephrin protein expression in the kidney. PAR2 activation in the kidney may be associated with maintenance of BP and urinary protein excretion in MetS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".