Chalcogen-Bonded Cocrystals of Substituted Pyridine <i>N</i>-Oxides and Chalcogenodiazoles: An X-ray Diffraction and Solid-State NMR Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce methyl, methoxy, and phenyl substituents at the para -, meta -, and ortho - positions of pyridine N -oxide to investigate the effect of chemical substitution on the resulting nine chalcogen-bonded structures formed upon cocrystallization with 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole and 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-telluradiazole. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of double chalcogen bonding interactions in the cocrystals and demonstrate the impact of the substitution on the geometric features of the chalcogen bonds. 77 Se and 125 Te solid-state NMR spectroscopy is employed to measure selenium and tellurium chemical shift tensors of the products, and various trends are described. The smallest component of the 77 Se chemical shift tensor (δ 33 ) provides the strongest correlation with the chalcogen bond distance. Solution NMR provides qualitative evidence for the persistence of the chalcogen bonds in solution. Finally, 1 J ( 77 Se, 14 N) coupling constants in 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole and its chalcogen-bonded cocrystals are measured after accounting for residual dipolar coupling between 77 Se and 14 N; however, changes in 1 J ( 77 Se, 14 N) attributable to chalcogen bonding upon cocrystallization are comparable to the experimental uncertainties. This systematic study of chalcogen-bonded cocrystals demonstrates the potential utility of the substitution effect for applications of chalcogen bonds in crystal engineering and demonstrates the value of solid-state NMR in characterizing such systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".