Assessment of heavy metals pollution in sediment at the Omaruru River basin in Erongo region, Namibia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study determined the contamination levels of some heavy metals: Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, As, and Al obtained from the delta basin of Omaruru River, using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (Optima 8000, Perkin Elmer). Chemical analysis showed that the sediments samples have metal concentrations ranging from 88 to 128mg/kg for Mn, 3973 to 4369mg/kg for Fe, 96 to 107mg/kg for Cr, 6 to 9mg/kg for Cu, 9 to 11mg/kg for Ni, 17 to 19mg/kg for As, and 11750 to 9002mg/kg for Al. The concentrations of Cr and As showed suggest that the sediment samples were heavily polluted according to United States Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory guidelines of the heavy metals. Additionally, the concentrations of Cr and As in the sediments exceeded the effect low range, effect medium range, threshold effect level, and the probable effect level proposed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".