Experimental investigation on the microstructure of fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates by <scp>TEM</scp> image analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, the hierarchical solid structures and multiscale pore structures inside fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates (FNPAs) are qualitatively revealed in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ultrathin slices of solidified FNPAs from the bottom of the bed. The micromorphology of aggregates and simple agglomerates, the porosities of pores intra and inter simple agglomerates, and pore size distributions inside FNPAs are quantitatively analyzed by image analysis. The average fractal dimensions of aggregates of about 300 nm‐1000 nm and simple agglomerates of several micrometres are around 1.9 and 2.6 respectively. The pore structure of FNPAs is complex and heterogeneous and displays a multiscale feature. Nearly 50% of the pores intra simple agglomerates have sizes of tens of nanometers and more than half the pores between simple agglomerates are of micrometre scale. The porosities of the pores intra and inter simple agglomerates are about 0.82 and 0.85 respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".