Bibliographic record
Abstract
38The blood films were prepared from the blood of healthy adult animals and are shown at the same magnification. The normal range for mean cell volume (MCV) is given for each of the species illustrated.40 41 42 43 44 Figure 6.1 Small red blood cells from a domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) (MCV 19–24 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_1_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.2 Intermediate-sized red blood cells from a domestic cow (Bos taurus) (MCV 40–60 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_2_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.3 Intermediate-sized red blood cells from a domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) (MCV 70–85 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_3_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.4 Relatively large red blood cells from a Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis) (MCV 92–110 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_4_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.5 Red blood cells from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). They appear smaller than those of the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus), although their MCV is similar (MCV 100–120 fl) because, like the red blood cells of other diving mammals, they are thicker than those of terrestrial mammals and probably act as a slow-release oxygen store during diving. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_5_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.6 Large red blood cells from an Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) (MCV 112–130 fl). The red blood cells of elephants often appear as target cells on air-dried blood films. This is an artefact associated with their large size. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_6_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.7 The relationship between red blood cell size and number. The cells are drawn according to the mean cell diameter. The positioning occupied by the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is consistent with an increased mean cell average thickness. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_7_C.tif"/> Figure 6.8 Comparison of red blood cell size and thickness in various mammals. The cells of the pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are thicker than those of other non-diving species. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_8_C.tif"/> Figure 6.9 Red blood cells and neutrophil from a healthy domestic horse (Equus caballus) (MCV 40–56 fl). The neutrophil has a granular cytoplasm. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_9_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.10 Red blood cells from a healthy domestic donkey (Equus asinus) (MCV 67–70 fl). These cells are larger than those of horses. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_10_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.11 Red blood cells from a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) (MCV 99–105 fl). In general, avian red blood cells are large compared with those of most mammals as the size may be directly related to body size. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_11_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.12 Red blood red cells from a common buzzard (Buteo buteo) (MCV 150–170 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_12_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.13 Red blood cells from an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) (MCV 250–280 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_13_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.14 Red blood cells from a green iguana (Iguana iguana) (MCV 250–290 fl). Reptilian red blood cells are usually larger than those of birds. A normal heterophil is also shown. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_14_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.15 Normal red blood cells from an Indian rock python (Python molurus) (MCV 290–333 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_15_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.16 Red blood cells from an Aldabra (Aldabrachelys gigantea) giant tortoise (MCV 400 fl). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_16_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.17 Red blood cells of an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) showing strong nuclear chromatin clumping (MCV 8,000–12,000 fl) (courtesy of Helen McCracken). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_17_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.18 Normal red blood cells, white blood cells and thrombocytes from a baw baw frog (Philoria frosti), a critically endangered Australian species (MCV 830 fl) (courtesy of Helen McCracken), ×400. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_18_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.19 Red blood cells of a clinically normal sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) or red salmon. The name is given as members of this species are red in hue during spawning (MCV 440–550 fl) (courtesy of Nicole Stacy). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_19_C.jpg"/> Figure 6.20 Normal red blood cells from a pink or humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). This is the smallest and most abundant species of the Pacific salmon (MCV 440–550 fl) (courtesy of Nicole Stacy). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429299049/84913d8c-dc39-4b7d-ad2d-23fc6a77a5c2/content/fig6_20_C.jpg"/>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".