MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W3096405725 · doi:10.1080/01419870.2020.1828598

Putonghua vs. minority languages: distribution of language laws, regulations, and documents in mainland China

2020· article· en· W3096405725 on OpenAlex
Huiyu Zhang, Shimeng Cai

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEthnic and Racial Studies · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicChina's Ethnic Minorities and Relations
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaFederation for the Humanities and Social Sciences
KeywordsLanguage policyMainland ChinaChinaMinority languageConstitutionEthnic groupHierarchyLinguistic demographyAutonomyOfficial languageLinguisticsMultilingualismLawDistribution (mathematics)Language planningPolitical scienceSociology of languageNatural languageMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Using a database containing Chinese language laws, regulations, and documents from 1986 to 2019, this study investigates the distribution of Putonghua and minority language policies in mainland China. It is found that: (i) in terms of the hierarchy of law, there are five levels of policies in China, with the Constitution and language laws as guidelines and local regulations dominant in quantity; (ii) in terms of the temporal dimension, while Putonghua policy has always been stressed, particularly serving economic growth in the last five years, the emphasis on Putonghua and attention to minority languages vary over time, while minority languages are treated as linguistic resources and their ongoing use and development may be overlooked; and (iii) in terms of provincial regions, while Putonghua is officially designated as a main language, ethnic minority areas differ in their partial language autonomy and adopt quite different language policies.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.760
Threshold uncertainty score0.583

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.363
Teacher spread0.333 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it