Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cell Band Alignment using Two-Step Ionic Doping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells composed of ionic halide passivated active layers benefit from improved passivation and high carrier mobility because of short interparticle distance. However, non-ideal band alignment of the active layer limits the potential open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) produced by the solar cell. We initiated a suite of simulation-based studies of CQD solar cells and found a route to improved performance by increasing the degree of p-type behavior. Fluoride, while it is a p-type ionic ligand as desired, is incompatible with traditional ligand exchange processes. In prior studies, it has shown to etch the lead sulfide surface uncontrollably. Instead, we develop a multistep halide exchange method, in which the CQD active layer is doped with fluoride ions after ligand exchange. This new method prevents CQD surface etching without impeding charge transport, resulting in a statistically significant improvement in V OC, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".