The Effects of Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, and Profitability on Capital Structure: Firm Size as the Moderating Variable
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was to analyze the effects of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and profitability on capital strucuture with firm size as the moderating variable. All manufacturing companies of basic industry and chemical sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2014-2017 were the population of the study. There were 66 taken as the samples by using purposive sampling technique. There were 39 companies as research samples and 115 as unit of analysis. Data were collected by documentation method. Then, data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study indicated that managerial ownership and institutional ownership did not significantly affect capital structure, but profitability had a negative and significant effect on capital structure. Firm size did not have any moderating effect between managerial ownership and profitability on capital strucuture, but firm size moderated the effect between institutional ownership and capital structure. It was concluded that only profitability significantly influenced capital structure, and firm size was able to moderate the effect between institutional ownership and capital structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".