Bibliographic record
Abstract
The D-Bolt is a rock bolt that is specially designed to absorb energy through elongation of the bolt material. The standard version of the bolt is a smooth steel bar with a number of anchors along its length. The sections between anchors are approximately 1 m long. The rock bolt is encapsulated in a borehole with either cement grout or resin. Whilst the anchors are encapsulated in grout, the smooth sections between the anchors can freely deform when subjected to rock dilation. Every section between two adjacent anchors works relatively independently. Failure of one section does not affect the reinforcement performance of the other sections. The bolt is designed to fully use both the strength and the deformation capacity of the bolt material along the entire length of the bolt, thus, it offers a large energy-absorbing capacity. The principle of the bolt, the static pull tests and field tests are briefly reviewed in the paper. The emphasis if the paper is put on the dynamic performance of the bolt with updated data of impact tests. The impact load tests were conducted in CAMNET's laboratory, Canada. For impact tests, the length of the tested segments of the 22 mm D-Bolts was 0.9 m. The drop height was kept at 1.5 m, and the drop weight varied from 893 to 2,675 kg. The corresponding input energy ranged from 13 to 39 kJ. At the input energy of 39 kJ, the 0.9 m long test segment elongated about 0.14 m at an impact load level of about 280 kN after one drop. The dynamic energy absorption of the 22 mm bar specimen is 39 kJ for a 0.9 m long section, corresponding to 43 kJ/m. The static load capacity of the 22mm bolts is about 250 kN.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".