Experimental Study of Mullins Effect in Natural Rubber for Different Stretch Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We subjected rubber coupons to cyclical uniaxial tension to investigate the softening effect, where the primary loading at its initial position was followed by additional unloading and reloading. Less stress was required upon reloading than that required in the previous loading for the same degree of stretch, reached on the first loading. This stress softening is significant when reloading follows virgin loading. The magnitude of stress softening is related to the maximum stretch elastomers can achieve in each cycle. To investigate this phenomenon, rubber coupons were subjected to four cycles of simple tension until the desired stretch was reached. We expected that several tests under the same conditions would provide almost identical results. However, we observed different stress requirements for different degrees of stretch when multiple cycles of the same stretch were performed. For three different experimental tests of the same amount of stretch, we saw huge differences in each cycle of loading-relaxation-reloading, a phenomenon that was more obvious during stress relaxation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".