An Eccentric Massive Jupiter Orbiting a Subgiant on a 9.5-day Period Discovered in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Full Frame Images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the discovery of TOI-172 b from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, a massive hot Jupiter transiting a slightly evolved G star with a 9.48-day orbital period. This is the first planet to be confirmed from analysis of only the TESS full frame images, because the host star was not chosen as a two-minute cadence target. From a global analysis of the TESS photometry and follow-up observations carried out by the TESS Follow-up Observing Program Working Group, TOI-172 (TIC 29857954) is a slightly evolved star with an effective temperature of T <SUB>eff</SUB> = 5645 ± 50 K, a mass of M <SUB>⋆</SUB> = {1.128}<SUB>-0.061</SUB><SUP>+0.065</SUP> M <SUB>☉</SUB>, radius of R <SUB>⋆</SUB> = {1.777}<SUB>-0.044</SUB><SUP>+0.047</SUP> R <SUB>☉</SUB>, a surface gravity of log g <SUB>⋆</SUB> = {3.993}<SUB>-0.028</SUB><SUP>+0.027</SUP>, and an age of {7.4}<SUB>-1.5</SUB><SUP>+1.6</SUP> {Gyr}. Its planetary companion (TOI-172 b) has a radius of R <SUB>P</SUB> = {0.965}<SUB>-0.029</SUB><SUP>+0.032</SUP> R <SUB>J</SUB>, a mass of M <SUB>P</SUB> = {5.42}<SUB>-0.20</SUB><SUP>+0.22</SUP> M <SUB>J</SUB>, and is on an eccentric orbit (e={0.3806}<SUB>-0.0090</SUB><SUP>+0.0093</SUP>). TOI-172 b is one of the few known massive giant planets on a highly eccentric short-period orbit. Future study of the atmosphere of this planet and its system architecture offer opportunities to understand the formation and evolution of similar systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".