A New Era for Metis Constitutional Rights: Consultation, Negotiation and Reconciliation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ivil forfeiture may be the most significant crime control development of the modern era because it permits the felling of wealth allegedly tainted by crime but does not require any convictions for any underlying offence.Pursuant to civil forfeiture law enacted in 2004, Manitoba has recovered prodigious amounts of property allegedly tainted by a link to crime.The coupling of a civil device with allegations of criminality, however, elicits controversy.Using a random sample of 100 civil forfeiture actions examined at the Manitoba courthouse as a framework, this paper explores enforcement aspects of this civil strategy.It begins with a brief introduction to civil forfeiture law, followed by a delineation of the main structural attributes of the Manitoba model.It then draws upon the wider discourse to identify recurrent themes of concern.It proceeds to relate the findings derived from the 100 actions and then offers a provisional analysis of those findings framed by critiques of civil forfeiture law.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.036 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.063 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".