Ammonium transporter expression in sperm of the disease vector <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquito influences male fertility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Ammonium transporters (AMT) have been implicated in facilitating nitrogen assimilation in plants and bacteria and ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 + ) transport for nitrogen regulation and excretion in animals. However, the involvement of AMT proteins in mediating reproductive processes remains unexplored. We report that an insect AMT, AeAmt1, is expressed in the flagellum of spermatozoa from the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti during sperm development through to egg fertilization. We provide evidence that AeAmt1 expression in spermatozoa is critical for sperm survival and overall male fertility. This description of ammonia transporter (AMT and Rh families) expression in the sperm of an animal provides a striking role for these evolutionarily conserved protein families and contributes to our understanding of mosquito reproductive biology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".