Internal hydraulics of surface buoyant jets with high aspect ratio
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface buoyant jets are commonly found in natural and engineered environments. Typical examples are rivers entering into the ocean, and wastewater discharges into water courses. The surface buoyant jet structure depends on the source properties, geometry and mixing processes. Predicting the mixing and spreading is the key challenge. Recent studies based on layered models have investigated the entrainment rate and spreading rate. However, frictional effects are also important in determining the thickness of the buoyant jet and its lateral spreading. We will address the effects of entrainment, spreading and friction. We investigate the surface buoyant jet over a sloping bottom through internal hydraulic theory and field measurements of a river flow into the ocean. In the nearshore zone, the river flow is attached on sea bottom due to the Coanda effect. With a decrease of momentum and thickening, the buoyant jet starts to lift off. At the detachment point, the buoyant jet is critical and the isopycnals are perpendicular to the bottom. We focus on large aspect ratios (river width to the depth) and predict layer thickness, entrainment, lateral spreading and interfacial friction. Comparisons are made with field measurements in Koombana Bay, Western Australia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".