Plastic ingestion, retention, and transport in animals from the eastern Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plastic and microplastic pollution has been recognized as a global concern.I aimed to assess the retention and transport of plastic pollution in the Canadian Arctic using two important animals from the Arctic ecosystem: seals and seabirds.First, I examined 142 seal stomachs from four communities in the eastern Canadian Arctic to identify whether seals are accumulating plastics in their stomachs.No evidence of accumulated plastic debris in seal stomachs was found, suggesting that seals in the eastern Canadian Arctic are likely not exposed to plastics during foraging.Second, the faecal precursors of northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) were examined to identify if these birds are excreting microplastics in their guano.Anthropogenic particles were found in both species, however, there was no relationship between the microplastic particles in the faecal precursors and plastic debris found in the stomachs of the same birds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".