Elevated plasma levels of D-serine in some patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
D-serine is an endogenous co-agonist with glutamate for activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). D-serine exacerbates neuronal death and is elevated in the spinal cord from patients with sporadic/familial ALS. The present study was undertaken to examine whether plasma levels of D-serine of patients with ALS are different from those of healthy controls. Levels of D-serine in plasma (30 patients and 30 controls) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Plasma levels of D-serine in ALS patients (mean 39.27 ± 28.61 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p = 0.0293) than those of healthy control subjects (mean 21.07 ± 14.03 ng/ml) as well as previously reported values for healthy controls; ∼43% of patients had plasma D-serine levels that were 2 to 4-folds higher than those of controls. There was no association of plasma D-serine levels with disability, the duration of disease or with the age of subjects. In conclusion, we show that D-serine levels are elevated in the plasma of some ALS patients. Since D-serine serves as a co-agonist/activator of NMDAR, increases in D-serine could have a direct influence on glutamatergic neurotransmission and potentially contribute to excitotoxicity in some ALS patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".