Oncological outcomes in the management of cT1-T2 cN0 penile squamous cell carcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is a rare disease comprising 1% of all male cancer. Options for the management of cT1-T2 cN0 penile SCC include partial penectomy (PP), considered the standard, and brachytherapy (BT), which offers acceptable local disease control and organ preservation. The purpose of our study was to assess and describe the oncological outcome for both treatments in a tertiary care center. METHODS: We performed a contemporary retrospective study of patients with early-stage penile cancer treated surgically or by BT at a tertiary center between 2000 and 2016. Demographic, management, and followup data were obtained from an institutional database. Descriptive statistics and survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier plots were calculated. Local and regional recurrences were compared in both groups (BT vs. PP). RESULTS: A total of 51 patients with cT1-T2N0 penile SCC treated with BT (35) and PP (16) were analyzed. Median followup was 37.1 (13.9-68) and 25.4 months (18-52.3) for the BT and PP groups, respectively. Recurrence developed in seven (20%) patients treated with BT. Median time to recurrence was 35.2 months (range 2.9-95.8). No recurrences were reported in patients treated with PP. Forty-four (86.2%) patients were alive with no evidence of disease at the last followup. Overall survival was 62.7%. Complications after primary tumor treatment were urethral stenosis (15.7%), penile necrosis (7.8%), and local infection (2%). CONCLUSIONS: PP provides acceptable local control with organ preservation in early-stage penile SCC. BT was able to offer organ preservation in 69% of men. Future prospective studies are needed to compare other organ-conserving treatment modalities with PP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".