Morphology-based taxonomic re-assessment of the Arctic lamprey, Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811) and taxonomic position of other members of the genus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lamprey genusLethenteronCreaser & Hubbs, 1922 is widespread across Eurasia and North America, but the number and distribution of its constituent species is not firmly established. After a morphological examination of extant type material of the currently recognized species and their synonyms,Lethenteron mitsukurii(Hatta, 1901) is resurrected withLe. matsubaraiVladykov & Kott, 1978 as its junior synonym. Amongst nonparasitic speciesLe. reissneri(Dybowski, 1869) andLe. mitsukuriiare confirmed as present in Japan and the former is also present on Sakhalin. An in-depth study of large samples of nonparasitic lamprey adults from Japan and Sakhalin Island is needed to determine whether the lower trunk myomere (< 66) individuals from these areas represent one or more undescribed species, orLe. mitsukurii, orLe. reissneri, or a mixture of these three alternatives. The material from the Anadyr Estuary identified by Berg (1931, 1948) asLampetra japonica kesslerihas been re-identified asLe. camtschaticumand there is no evidence thatLe. kesslerioccurs there.Lethenteron reissneriis reported from the Angara River system, Yenisei River drainage, Russia.Lethenteron alaskenseVladykov & Kott, 1978 is provisionally considered to be a junior synonym ofLe. kessleri(Anikin, 1905).Petromyzon ernstiiDybowski, 1872,Ammocoetes aureusBean, 1881,Petromyzon dentexAnikin, 1905,Lampetra mitsukurii majorHatta, 1911, andLampetra japonica septentrionalisBerg, 1931 are junior synonyms ofPetromyzon marinus camtschaticusTilesius, 1811. A key is provided to adults of the six species recognized as belonging in the genusLethenteron.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".