Solidarity and Symbolic Protest, Lessons for Labour from the Québec City Summit of the Americas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This photo-essay explores the significance of April 2001’s Summit of the Americas for labour and other groups within the counter-globalization movement. Through text and images, the first section presents the Summit demonstrations as an instance of creative and symbolic protest, in which participants and observers were educated, empowered, and radicalized. It is argued that direct action protest, through the creation of immediate affective bonds and collective identities, can be a powerful force for generating solidarity between diverse movement groups. The second section examines the role of labour in Quebec City, and in related counter-globalization protests. The tension between conservatism and radicalism within the trade union movement and between workers and other movement groups is explored, and it is argued that direct action protest provides means through which these tensions can be productively resolved. The final section asks what lessons Quebec City can teach labour and other movement groups, and what role mass protest might play in achieving the goals of counter-globalization. Resume Cet essai-photo explore la signification du Sommet des Ameriques d’avril 2001 pour la main-d’œuvre et d’autres groupes au sein du mouvement contre la mondialisation. Grâces aux textes et images, la premiere section presente les manifestations du Sommet comme une instance de protestation creatrice et symbolique, dans laquelle les participants et les observateurs se sont instruits, assumes et radicalises. Il a ete constate que la protestation par action directe, en etablissant des relations affectives et identites collectives, peut etre une force puissante pour engendrer la solidarite parmi les groupes divers. La deuxieme section examine le role de la main-d’œuvre a Quebec et sa relation avec les protestations contre la mondialisation. La tension entre le conservatisme et le radicalisme au sein du mouvement syndical et entre les travailleurs et d’autres groupes est exploree, et il a ete constate que la protestation par action directe prevoit le moyen par lequel les tensions peuvent etre resolues de facon productive. La derniere section s’interroge sur les lecons a tirer pour la main-d’œuvre et d’autres groupes, ainsi que sur le role que jouerait la protestation massive dans l’atteinte des objectifs contre la mondialisation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".