Humidified and Heated Cascade Impactor for Aerosol Sizing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a humidified and heated cascade impactor and measure particle size at human physiological temperature and humidity (HPTH). Four aerosol devices (jet nebulizer, mesh nebulizer, Metered Dose Inhaler (PMDI), and Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)) under ambient conditions and at HPTH were tested with an Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI). An artificial trachea and the ACI was used at ambient temperature or heated to 37°C, and either dry or humidified inside. MMAD was lower at HPTH for the two nebulizers; it was similar at ambient conditions and HPTH for salbutamol PMDI, and the mass of particles smaller than 5µm decreased for terbutaline DPI at HPTH (51.9 µg/puff vs. 82.8 µg/puff). In conclusion, the influence of the HPTH on particle size produced by inhalation products depends on device and drug formulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".