Detection of Fe I Emission in the Dayside Spectrum of WASP-33b
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We analyze the high-resolution emission spectrum of WASP-33b taken using the High Dispersion Spectrograph ( R ≈ 165,000) on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. The data cover λ ≈ 6170–8817 Å, divided over 30 spectral orders. The telluric and stellar lines are removed using a de-trending algorithm, S ys R em , before cross-correlating with planetary spectral templates. We calculate the templates assuming a 1D plane-parallel hydrostatic atmosphere including continuum opacity of bound–free H − and Rayleigh scattering by H 2 with a range of constant abundances of Fe i . Using a likelihood-mapping analysis, we detect an Fe i emission signature at 6.4 σ located at of 226.0 km s −1 and v sys of −3.2 km s −1 —consistent with the planet’s expected velocity in the literature. We also confirm the existence of a thermal inversion in the dayside of the planet, which is very likely to be caused by the presence of Fe i and previously detected TiO in the atmosphere. This makes WASP-33b one of the prime targets to study the relative contributions of both species to the energy budget of an ultra-hot Jupiter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".