Traveling Sound Wave with Transverse Particle Velocity in a Metawaveguide by Using a Phase-Reversible Metasurface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In ideal fluids, acoustic waves are known as longitudinal sound waves, the particle velocity of which is parallel to the wave traveling direction. The emergence of metasurfaces offers extensive flexibility in acoustic wave manipulations. However, achieving a sound wave with transversely polarized particle velocity by means of metasurfaces is not yet achievable. Here, we demonstrate that a sound wave with polarized particle velocity perpendicular to the traveling direction can exist in an acoustic metawaveguide. The metawaveguide is made of a pair of spaced acoustic metasurfaces, each comprising alternatingly arranged membranes that resonate phase reversibly. Bearing transversely polarized particle velocity, the sound wave shows lateral dependence, frequency selectivity, and insensitivity to longitudinal irregularity, all distinct from that in a traditional waveguide. More interestingly, the transverse particle velocity is axis symmetric, and thus, acoustophoresis traps are formed in the center of the metawaveguide. The advent of a sound wave with transverse particle velocity may open another avenue for more sophisticated acoustic applications, such as resistance-free insulation, acoustic ``circuits,'' and wave-matter interaction related bioacoustics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".