Bibliographic record
Abstract
We combine weak lensing measurements from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey and the VIRMOS-DESCART survey, and present the first direct measurements of the bias parameter b and the galaxy-mass cross-correlation coefficient r on scales ranging from 0.2 to 9.3 h_{50}^{-1} Mpc at a lens redshift z~0.35. We find strong evidence that both b and r change with scale for our sample of lens galaxies (19.5<R_C<21), which have luminosities around L_*. For the currently favored cosmology (\\Omega_m=0.3,\\Omega_\\Lambda=0.7), we find b=0.71^+0.06_-0.04 on a scale of 1-2 Mpc, increasing to ~1 on larger scales. The value of r has only minimal dependence on the assumed cosmology. The variation of r with scale is very similar to that of b, and reaches a minimum value of r=0.57^+0.08_-0.07 (at 1 Mpc). This suggests significant stochastic biasing and/or non-linear biasing. On scales larger than ~4 Mpc the value of r is consistent with a value of 1. In addition we use RCS data alone to measure the ratio b/r on scale ranging from 0.15 to 12.5 Mpc, and find that the ratio varies somewhat with scale. We obtain an average value of b/r=1.090+-0.035, in good agreement with previous estimates. A (future) careful comparison of our results with models of galaxy formation can provide unique constraints, as r is linked intimately to the details of galaxy formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".