Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with metal foam in the gas flow-field of bipolar/end plates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new concept of the use of metal foams in the bipolar/end plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is proposed in an effort to save the cost of machining the flow-field channels. A prototype one-cell PEMFC stack made out of SS-316 bipolar/end plate, with SS-316 metal foam in the flow-field, was built and its performance compared with that of a conventional cell stack with machined gas flow-field channels. Experiments involving temperature and pressure were also carried out. Results of these experiments verified the feasibility of using metal foams in bipolar/end plates. It is suggested that further improvements could be achieved by decreasing the permeability of the metal foam in the flow-field. Since permeability cannot be reduced in the conventional machined channel design beyond a certain threshold value, the feasibility of using metal foams in the flow-field in the bipolar/end plates of PEMFC stacks appears to provide an attractive method for cutting the cost of processing various cell components. 20 refs., 7 figs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".