Scots, capitalism, and the colonial countryside: Impressions from nineteenth‐century Cape Breton
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In Cape Breton during the second half of the nineteenth century, rural labor from the nearby countryside, often the children of settlers who had emigrated from the western Isles and Highlands of Scotland earlier in the century, was decisive in shaping the mining workforce that developed on the island's Sydney coalfield. The importance of this distinctive Highland influence upon the working‐class culture that developed in Cape Breton's “country of coal” was suggested decades ago by labor historians, and more recently it has been addressed in the region's rural historiography. It is a history that, nonetheless, remains obscure and has lingered in the blind spots of various subfields of study, including in historical investigations of “Highland enclave settlements” and “Scottishness” in northern North America. This essay suggests the need to approach the subject in terms of a broader transformation of the colonial countryside, one which takes into account the interconnected histories of capitalism and settler colonialism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".