Comprehensive Real-Time Hardware-In-the-Loop Transient Emulation of MVDC Power Distribution System on Nuclear Submarine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A nuclear submarine has significant performance advantages over the conventional dieselelectric submarine. Its powerful nuclear propulsion can be operated independently of air and does not require refueling throughout the 25-year life span. Recent progresses of medium voltage direct current (MVDC) techniques applied in industry push the energy-saving and extremely long-time operation to a new stage with a feasible solution of smaller scale nuclear reactor embedded inside the vessel. Thus, there is a need to investigate the new MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system and its real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulation to test the control systems, device stresses, etc. This paper proposes a comprehensive MVDC-based nuclear submarine power distribution system emulated in real-time on a multi-FPGA hardware platform with system-level transients (validated by Matlab/Simulink) at 20 μs time-step and device-level transients (validated by SaberRD) at 400 ns time-step.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".