A Review of Recent Developments in Nanocellulose-Based Conductive Hydrogels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanocellulose has attracted much research interest owing to its biocompatibility, low density, environmental sustainability, flexibility, ease of surface modification, excellent mechanical properties and ultrahigh surface areas. Recently, lots of research efforts have focused on nanocellulose- based conductive hydrogels for different practical applications, including electronic devices, energy storage, sensors, composites, tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. A wide variety of conductive hydrogels have been developed from nanocellulose, which can be in the form of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) or bacterial cellulose (BC). This review presents the recent progress in the development of nanocellulose-based conductive hydrogels, their advanced functions, including 3D printability, self-healing capacity and high mechanical performances, as well as applications of the conductive nanocellulose hydrogels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".