Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Specially Activated Alkynes, Allenes, and Alkenes
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review describes the gold-catalyzed reactions of specially activated alkynes, allenes, and alkenes. Such species are characterized by the presence of either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups as substituents of the carbon π-system. They are intrinsically polarized, and when compared to their nonspecially activated counterparts can therefore be involved in gold-catalyzed transformations featuring increased regio-, stereo-, and chemoselectivities. The chemistry of specially activated carbon π-systems under homogeneous gold catalysis is extremely rich and varied. The reactivity observed with nonspecially activated unsaturated systems can often be transposed to specially activated ones without loss of efficiency. However, specially activated carbon π-systems also exhibit specific reactivities that cannot be attained with regular substrates. In this family of carbon π-systems, ynamides and their analogs, along with alkynyl carbonyl derivatives, are the classes of substrates that have retained the most attention. This review provides an overview of the chemistry developed with all classes of specially activated carbon π-systems by discussing their general and specific reactivities, presenting and commenting on their gold-catalyzed transformations as well as their applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it