Whiplash Injury Successfully Treated with Prolotherapy: A Case Report with Long-Term Follow Up
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) can develop after flexion/extension injuries and may be refractory to standard-of-care therapies. Aim: To present successful treatment of severe, longstanding, treatment resistant WAD with prolotherapy. Materials & methods: Four, monthly sessions of fluoroscopically guided prolotherapy with phenol-glycerin-glucose. Electronic data on pain (visual analog score), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), pain interference, depression, anxiety, sleep and quality of life were collected with University of Washington’s (WA, USA) online tool for a total of 21 months. This study conforms to the Case Report Guidelines (CARE). Results: Significant improvement was achieved and maintained through 18 months after treatment in all assessed pain and functional measures. Conclusion: Regenerative medicine, including prolotherapy may be an appropriate treatment option for carefully selected patients with WAD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".