Continuum Model Applied to Granular Analogs of Droplets and Puddles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the growth of aggregates made of adhesive frictionless oil droplets, piling up against a solid interface. Monodisperse droplets are produced one by one in an aqueous solution and float upward to the top of a liquid cell where they accumulate and form an aggregate at a flat horizontal interface. Initially, the aggregate grows in 3D until its height reaches a critical value. Beyond a critical height, adding more droplets results in the aggregate spreading in 2D along the interface with a constant height. We find that the shape of such aggregates, despite being granular in nature, is well described by a continuum model. The geometry of the aggregates is determined by a balance between droplet buoyancy and adhesion as given by a single parameter, a "granular" capillary length, analogous to the capillary length of a liquid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".