El derecho del trabajador al aire puro: contaminación atmosférica, salud y empresas en las cuencas de minerales no ferrosos (1800-1945)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective/context: Social conflicts caused by air pollution gave rise to an intense debate around health in the European and North American non-ferrous mineral basins during the 19th century. Contemporary scholars classified it as a public health problem, since it ultimately affected the entire mining community, encompassing what we know today as environmental and occupational hazards. This article uses selected case studies to analyze institutional regulations, and the scientific and technical solutions that were applied in response to them. However, in the first half of the twentieth century, health problems associated with smelter smoke evolved to become an industrial hygiene issue and were therefore limited to the field of industrial relations. Institutional, scientific and technical factors behind this change are closely related to the role of the social agents concerned, particularly large corporations. Methodology: This research, which is comparative from a temporal and spatial perspective, relies on an analysis of both current literature and contemporary sources. Originality: Air pollution derived from mining activities triggered a process of closely interrelated institutional, scientific and technical innovations. In the late nineteenth century, the ensuing debate became international, spreading from European to American mining basins. Conclusions: The smelter smoke controversy deeply divided the non-ferrous mineral basins of Europe, the United States and Canada, and science provided the foundation for the institutional and technical measures implemented to address it. In that process, particularly since the late nineteenth century, mining companies developed the capacity to successfully adapt the science to their needs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".