Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study used converging methods to define the structural and functional characteristics of the neural substrates underlying variation in cognitive ability in older men with well-controlled HIV infection. Methods Seventy-six HIV+ men treated with combination antiretrovirals completed attention and inhibitory control tasks tapping different cortico-subcortical circuits while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired. Fifty-four also underwent structural MRI. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. MRI suggested a subcortical basis for the observed EEG effects. Results EEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier processing stages of both tasks. However, only the P300 evoked by the attention task was associated with past HIV infection severity. Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged different brain circuits. Thalamus volumes correlated with P300 amplitudes evoked by the attention task, while globus pallidus volumes were related to the P300 in both tasks. Interpretation This is the first study to combine structural and functional imaging in an overlapping sample to address the neural circuits related to cognitive dysfunction in HIV. Neural substrates of attention were more affected than those supporting inhibitory control. Preliminary evidence suggests these differences may relate to vulnerability of the thalamus to the effects of HIV. Our results suggest high-yield tasks and circuit targets for future work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".