Use of fibroin polypeptide from silk processing waste as an effective biosorbent for heavy metal removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Silk fibroin was extracted from Bombyx mori cocoon and used as a biosorbent to remove Pb 2+ , CrO 4 2− , Cu 2+ , and Co 2+ from aqueous solutions. The sorption isotherms for the metals in fibroin were determined, and a thermodynamic analysis (ΔG ° , ΔH ° , and ΔS ° ) of the sorption process showed that the metal sorption in fibroin was physical, spontaneous, and endothermic. The sorption kinetics data was found to match well with the modified pseudo‐second‐order rate model, and the sorption rate constant was determined based on a rectified approach of model fitting. It was shown that the sorption rate constant was largely independent of the initial sorbate concentration, which was expected because it is a specific quantity characterizing the relationship between sorbate concentration and the rate of sorption. The metal‐loaded fibroin could be regenerated easily by stripping the metal off fibroin using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and the sorption performance of the regenerated fibroin remained the same as pristine fibroin. When used repeatedly over 10 sorption‐regeneration cycles, the fibroin biosorbent showed no change in sorption capacity, which demonstrates the excellent stability and reusability of the fibroin biopolymer for metal capture from water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".