SnO<sub>X</sub>-Based <i>μ</i> W-Power Dual-Gate Ion-Sensitive Thin-Film Transistors With Linear Dependence of pH Values on Drain Current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dual-gate (DG) Ion-sensitive thin-film transistor (ISTFT) pH sensors based on tin oxide (SnOx) channel and Al2O3sensor membrane have been developed. DG SnOx thin film transistors with Al2O3dielectrics were fabricated, illustrating effective linear current modulation under top gate bias. The SnOX DG-ISTFTs with 10-nm Al2O3sensor membrane can operate at a low single supply voltage of -1.0 V with a low power consumption around 3 μW. In contrast to most reported ISTFT pH sensors, which show linear dependence of pH value on threshold voltage, and are not directly readable, the SnOx DG-ISTFTs exhibit linear pH dependence on directly readable drain current. We demonstrate a high sensitivity of 83.87 nA/pH and a low current hysteresis of 1.65 nA after a pH loop of 7-10-7-4-7. This enables significantly simplified readout circuits with reduced power consumption. The SnOx based DG-ISTFTs may have huge practical potential as portable and wearable biosensors and chemical sensors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".